全局参数估计的水下目标偏振复原方法

水体介质对光的吸收和散射是导致水下成像退化的两大主要影响因素。针对水下目标成像,本文提出了一种全局参数估计的水下目标偏振复原方法,利用构建的精简水下目标偏振重构模型,通过自动估计全局最优偏振信息重构参数,复原出水下目标图像,降低水体对图像质量的影响。在估计重构参数的过程中,首先,采用偏振中值滤波方法和基于亮原色原理的方法,分别估算水下背景光偏振度信息和无穷远处水下背景光强值;再利用基于最小互信息原则对估计的背景光偏振度信息进行优化;然后采用水下目标偏振图像增强算法将得到的水下目标重构图进行细节增强处理,最终获得复原后的水下目标辐射信息图。实验结果表明,在性能评价指标方面,相较于水下原图和其他水下复原方法处理图,利用本文方法处理后所得的图像增强测量值EME平均提高了120%,图像质量得到了明显的改善。该方法解决了人工取景估计参数不佳的问题,提高了复原目标图像的对比度,可以用于浑浊水下的目标探测与识别。     

An improved strategy for skin lesion detection and classification using uniform segmentation and feature selection based approach

Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer with highest mortality rate. However, the annihilation in early stage implies a high survival rate therefore, it demands early diagnosis. The accustomed diagnosis methods are costly and cumbersome due to the involvement of experienced experts as well as the requirements for highly equipped environment. The recent advancements in computerized solutions for these diagnoses are highly promising with improved accuracy and efficiency. In this article, we proposed a method for the classification of melanoma and benign skin lesions. Our approach integrates preprocessing, lesion segmentation, features extraction, features selection, and classification. Preprocessing is executed in the context of hair removal by DullRazor, whereas lesion texture and color information are utilized to enhance the lesion contrast. In lesion segmentation, a hybrid technique has been implemented and results are fused using additive law of probability. Serial based method is applied subsequently that extracts and fuses the traits such as color, texture, and HOG (shape). The fused features are selected afterwards by implementing a novel Boltzman Entropy method. Finally, the selected features are classified by Support Vector Machine. The proposed method is evaluated on publically available data set PH2. Our approach has provided promising results of sensitivity 97.7%, specificity 96.7%, accuracy 97.5%, and F‐score 97.5%, which are significantly better than the results of existing methods available on the same data set. The proposed method detects and classifies melanoma significantly good as compared to existing methods.     

Effects of liquid phases on densification of TiO2-doped Al2O3–ZrO2 composite ceramics

This study investigated the densification behaviors and microstructural evolution of Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ (3Y) composite ceramics doped with four different amounts of TiO₂ (0, 1, 4, and 8 wt%; denoted as 0T, 1T, 4T, and 8T, respectively) to clarify the effect of TiO₂ dopants on densification. The shrinkage rate during densification increased with the increase in the amount of TiO₂. The development of grain boundary feature was also examined. The undoped ceramic showed clean grain boundaries. Thin liquid grain boundary phases were observed in 1T, whereas large liquid phases were found on the grain boundary and at the junction pockets in 4T and 8T. The results were discussed in terms of the relationship between densification and grain boundary feature.     

先进节能换热器技术在硫酸工业的应用回顾与展望

介绍了折流板管壳式换热器、空心环管壳式换热器、旋流网板支撑急扩加速流缩放管管壳式换热器及壳程多通道换热器结构、技术特点。回顾20多年来国内硫酸行业气体换热器技术进展,叙述了其技术起源、理念与解决的关键问题。对今后先进节能换热器技术在硫酸工业的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了技术发展方向。     

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based magnetic solid-phase extraction for the determination of zearalenone and its derivatives in maize by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction (M-SPE) procedure using multi-walled carbon nanotube-magnetic nanoparticles (MWCNT-MNPs) as sorbents was established for purification of zearalenone (ZEA), α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), β-zearalenol (β-ZOL), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) and β-zearalanol (β-ZAL) in maize. The main parameters affecting the clean-up efficiency were thoroughly investigated, and high purification efficiencies for all analytes were obtained. The resulting MWCNT-MNP-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was validated for maize samples. The matrix effects were greatly minimized using the M-SPE approach, with signal suppression/enhancement values decreased from 69.9–127.6% to 92.1–103.8%. Consequently, complex matrix-matched calibration curves were not necessary and the calibrations constructed in acetonitrile could be applied for accurate quantification of the targeted mycotoxins in real samples. The average recoveries ranged from 75.8 to 104.1% and the inter- and intra-day precision values expressed as RSDs, were all lower than 14%. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.03–0.04 and 0.07–0.10 μg/kg, respectively. The analytical performance of the developed method was also successfully evaluated with maize samples, and this method was proved to be a powerful tool for monitoring ZEA and its derivatives in maize.     

润滑油在内插同轴交叉翼型涡产生器管内流动与传热特性分析

以润滑油为工质,采用数值方法对圆管内插同轴交叉等腰梯形涡产生器的管内流动与传热进行了数值模拟,分析了不同结构参数如扭率（T_r=3,4,5,6）、间距比（S_s/W=0.8,0.9,1.1,1.2）和基带宽度比（W_b/W=0.30,0.45,0.60,0.75）对圆管内插同轴交叉等腰梯形涡产生器的管内流动与传热特性的影响。结果表明：在相同Re下,平均Nusselt数Nu_m、二次流强度Se、强化传热因子JF均随扭率和间距比的减小而增大,而其与基带宽度比的变化没有明显规律,阻力系数f随着扭率的减小和基带宽度比的增大而增大,间距比对f的影响甚微。在相同结构参数下,JF和Se均随Re的增大而增大。在Re=50~1000范围内,相比于光滑圆管,内插不同结构参数的同轴交叉涡产生器的Nu_m增加了32.8%~208.6%,f增加了3.38~8.92倍,JF最大可达1.434。Nu_m与Se呈幂函数相关,内插同轴交叉翼型涡产生器管内的二次流强度决定了其对流换热强度。     

磁场强化多相介质分离技术进展

概述了国内外基于磁场来强化非均相介质分离的研究进展,对相关的强化方法进行了分析和对比。根据磁场作用的非均相介质类别介绍了不同领域磁场辅助多相介质分离技术、设备及工作原理,如磁选机、涡电流分选机、重介质磁力旋流器、磁盘分离器、磁场辅助分离气-固旋流器、磁流化床等。根据应用领域可简要概括为磁场辅助固体分离（具有不同导磁性的固体）、气-固分离、固-液分离、液-液分离等。总结了磁场分布、磁场与颗粒作用、磁场与流场耦合的模拟方法,为磁场强化多相介质分离提供依据。针对普通设备分离能力存在的瓶颈问题,文中提出应综合考虑磁场与设备操作参数等因素以最大限度提高分离效率,应加强磁场与流场耦合研究并将磁场强化分离领域扩大至非磁性流体。     

二氧化硅气凝胶常压干燥工艺的研究进展

二氧化硅气凝胶因具有低密度、高比表面积、稳定的物理化学性质等特性在吸附分离、隔热保温等领域表现出巨大的应用潜力。但长耗时、高成本的制备工艺限制了它的发展,尤其是湿凝胶向气凝胶转变的干燥工艺。本文介绍了二氧化硅气凝胶在常压干燥的过程中面临的主要难点及解决方法,虽然常压干燥方法工艺简单、过程安全、对设备要求低且可连续制备,成为近年来的研究热点,但也存在制备周期长、体积收缩大、需要消耗大量有机溶剂和改性剂等不足。文中从凝胶基体增强与优化、降低毛细管力与减少不可逆收缩两种角度,介绍了二氧化硅气凝胶常压干燥的改进方法及其发展现状,分析归纳了不同改进方法的优缺点,总结了二氧化硅气凝胶常压干燥目前面临的技术挑战。并且,立足于目前二氧化硅气凝胶基体增强和表面改性技术发展的趋势,对今后二氧化硅气凝胶常压干燥过程中结构可控、成本降低以及产品多功能化的发展路线进行了展望。     

木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜材料的功能化应用研究进展

为了解决传统石油基高分子薄膜不可降解等问题,纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖等生物质薄膜材料因其具有绿色可降解性等优点而备受关注并展现出良好的发展前景。但生物质薄膜往往存在强度低、耐水性差等问题,限制了其进一步发展及功能化应用。本文综述了以木质纤维素作为添加剂增强生物质薄膜的力学强度、防水性、紫外屏蔽等性能的研究进展,重点探讨了不同结构性质的木质素和不同尺度的微纳米木质纤维素对生物质薄膜性能的影响,并进一步综述了木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜材料在包装材料、电极材料以及催化材料领域中的功能化应用研究进展。分析并展望了木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜在制备及功能化方面的优势、不足以及发展方向,以期为采用木质纤维素改良生物质薄膜的研究提供借鉴。     

扭带结构影响管内传热与熵产的研究进展

随着工业技术不断发展,传统换热管的传热方式已经无法满足高热流密度下的热量输运要求。扭带插入物是一种能够有效提高换热管传热效率的强化传热元件,以其结构简单、加工容易的特点受到了很多学者的关注和研究。管内流体的传热性能及熵产往往作为评价换热管性能的重要参数,因此扭带结构与流动工质对这些参数的影响成为近年来研究的重点。本文主要综述了近十年来不同结构扭带对管内传热与熵产影响的研究进展。首先,将文献中研究的扭带按照几何结构进行分类,阐述和分析了不同类型扭带对换热管的传热、熵产以及综合性能的影响,试图找出几何结构与换热管传热性能以及熵产之间的联系。其次,介绍了扭带与纳米流体复合传热技术的研究进展。最后,归纳了研究人员为达到传热性能最大化以及熵产最小化而建立的传热和熵产模型,并对模型的优缺点进行了评价。